Proper nutrition is the foundation of healthy and productive poultry. Whether you are raising chickens for eggs or meat, understanding their dietary needs is essential to ensuring optimal growth, disease resistance, and high-quality production. This guide covers the best feed types, essential nutrients, feeding mistakes to avoid, and natural supplements to boost chicken health.
1. Types of Chicken Feed & Their Purpose
Different life stages require specific nutrition to support healthy development. Using the right feed at each stage ensures strong immune systems, steady growth, and maximum productivity.
🔹 Starter Feed (0-6 weeks)
- Protein: 18-20%
- Purpose: Supports rapid growth, muscle development, and strong immune function.
- Best For: Baby chicks
🔹 Grower Feed (6-20 weeks)
- Protein: 15-18%
- Purpose: Provides balanced nutrients for steady growth without excessive weight gain.
- Best For: Pullets (young chickens that haven’t started laying eggs)
🔹 Layer Feed (20+ weeks)
- Protein: 16-18%
- Calcium: High levels for strong eggshells
- Purpose: Ensures high egg production and prevents brittle shells.
- Best For: Laying hens
🔹 Broiler Feed
- Protein: 20-24%
- Purpose: Maximizes weight gain and meat production.
- Best For: Broiler chickens raised for meat
🔹 Scratch Grain (Supplemental Feed)
- Ingredients: Cracked corn, wheat, barley, and other grains
- Purpose: A treat to encourage foraging behavior but lacks complete nutrition.
- Best For: Adult chickens as an occasional supplement
2. Essential Nutrients for Chickens
A well-balanced diet provides all the necessary nutrients to support strong bones, egg production, and overall well-being.
✔ Protein (Essential for Growth & Egg Production)
- Builds muscles, feathers, and supports tissue repair.
- Sources: Soybean meal, fish meal, insects, and legumes.
✔ Calcium (Vital for Eggshell Formation & Bone Strength)
- Prevents soft shells and weak bones.
- Sources: Crushed oyster shells, limestone, and crushed eggshells.
✔ Carbohydrates (Provides Energy & Maintains Body Temperature)
- Keeps chickens active and supports metabolism.
- Sources: Corn, wheat, oats, and barley.
✔ Fats (Essential for Metabolism & Egg Quality)
- Helps in vitamin absorption and maintains warmth.
- Sources: Vegetable oils, sunflower seeds, and animal fats.
✔ Vitamins & Minerals (Prevent Deficiencies & Improve Immunity)
- Vitamin A: Supports vision and skin health.
- Vitamin D3: Improves calcium absorption for strong eggshells.
- Vitamin E: Enhances reproductive health.
- Vitamin B Complex: Boosts growth and feather quality.
3. Common Feeding Mistakes to Avoid
⚠ Overfeeding Treats & Scraps
- Excessive grains or kitchen scraps can cause nutrient imbalances.
⚠ Providing Dirty or Contaminated Water
- Dehydration leads to stress, reduced feed intake, and lower egg production.
⚠ Poor Feed Storage
- Moldy or stale feed can cause health issues. Store feed in a dry, rodent-proof container.
⚠ Feeding the Wrong Type of Feed
- Chicks need starter feed, while adult hens require layer feed for optimal egg production.
4. Natural Supplements for Healthier Chickens
Using natural additives can enhance immunity, prevent diseases, and improve overall chicken health.
🌿 Apple Cider Vinegar
- Improves digestion, prevents infections, and boosts immune function.
🧄 Garlic
- Acts as a natural antibiotic and parasite repellent.
🌱 Herbs (Oregano, Basil, Thyme)
- Improves gut health, reduces disease risk, and enhances egg production.
🥚 Crushed Eggshells/Oyster Shells
- Extra calcium source for strong eggshells.
🐟 Fish Meal
- High-protein supplement for faster growth and better feather quality.
Final Thoughts
Providing your chickens with a balanced diet tailored to their specific needs is crucial for long-term health, optimal egg production, and strong meat quality. From selecting the right feed to avoiding common mistakes and incorporating natural supplements, proper nutrition plays a vital role in poultry farming success.